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From 1928 to 1933, the southern tip of the Ville Royale tell was fully excavated down to 3rd millennium BC levels, sadly without any precise reports being drafted. The foundations of a large building present certain features that recall Achaemenid architecture. Furthermore, a few column bases – including a bell-shaped base inscribed with the name of Artaxerxes II (A2Sb) and another, square base inscribed with the same name (A2Sd) – several staircase orthostates showing semi-life-size figures, all passant left like the piece found at Shaur. and elements of shafts and plinths in grey limestone have been found, along with numerous fragments of glazed bricks. All these clues, none of which were in their original place, led most specialists to recreate a palace dating back to this Artaxerxes, a temporary palace, for example, while awaiting restoration of the Apadana which burned down in the mid-5th century BC.
There are no conclusive clues to prove the existence of an Achaemenid palace on this site, limited to approximately 5,000 m2 (Boucharlat 2010, p. 380-383). This sector could nonetheless have been inhabited in Achaemenid times, as demonstrated by Greek potsherds and others inscribed in Aramaic dating from the 5th and 4th centuries BC, as well as a large series of small ivories that had been thrown into a well in the late 4th century BC. The "Donjon" was occupied several times during the Seleucid and Parthian eras, re-using Achaemenid materials taken from elsewhere, from Darius’s Palace and the Shaur Palace, before being abandoned in the 4th century AD.
The Donjon at the southern extremity of the Ville Royale tell (Schematic drawing by R. de Mecquenem 1933)
© 1933 Roland de Mecquenem